Prostate
cancer cases among men is growing higher everyday and not many men are
even aware of it. These are signs of the horrible disease you can't joke
with.
Did you know that every hour one man dies from prostate cancer –
that is more than 10,000 every year. Over 40,000 men are diagnosed with
prostate cancer every year. It means that more than 100 men are
diagnosed every day.
It is estimated that by 2030, prostate cancer will be the most
common cancer in the world. One in eight men will be afflicted with
prostate cancer.
It was reported in 2014 that in the United Kingdom about one in
eight men will develop it at some point in their lives, with older men
and those with a family history of prostate cancer most at risk.
In Nigeria, every now and then you hear of someone who just died of
prostate cancer. This disease occurs most frequently in elderly men of
72 years and above.
Although we are not keeping statistics for the number of new cases
and deaths in Nigeria for this preventable disease, the American example
is relevant for us because there are significant racial differences
that are negative for the African male.
For example, for the African American male aged between 50 and 54
years, the incidence of prostate cancer is two times as high as the
Caucasian American and it is one third higher for the African American
of all ages.
For all Asian men, the incidence of this type of cancer is
relatively low. It is not known what causes this racial difference, but
genetics must surely play a part.
Diet is another factor that cannot be ruled out as African American
food closely mimics many Nigerian diets of pork, beans and greens
cooked with plenty of oil and fat. This is, therefore, a Black man’s
disease that Nigerian men should be concerned about.
The prostate gland is a walnut-sized organ located under the
bladder, surrounding the urinary tract of men. It secretes a fluid that
forms part of the seminal fluid, which is part of the semen produced at
ejaculation after intercourse.
Prostate cancer is primarily a disease of the aged. So as men age,
they should take note of the following symptoms and if they have them,
they should definitely pay a visit to a doctor.
Slow urination: Men should take this symptom seriously, especially
when the last few drops do not expel easily. You should also let the
doctor check you out if you notice any change in urination as described
below:
Frequent urination is another symptom of prostate cancer. Other symptoms include:
- Nocturia, which is passing urine in the night.
- Difficulty in passing urine, termed Hesitancy.
- Reduced force of urination.
- Reduced projectile pressure of urine (ejaculatory pressure).
- Blood in the urine.
What causes the prostate to enlarge
Aging, stress, chemical toxins that may be from the use of chemical
products like dye, polluted water, and contaminated food, especially
with heavy metals; genetics and infection have been identified as some
of the factors that can lead to the enlargement of the prostate gland.
With aging, there are hormonal changes associated with getting older,
such as decreased production of the male testosterone, prolactin ad
stress- related hormone will increase with age.
High prolactin level in the blood will lead to an increase in the
uptake of testosterone in the prostate gland, which will result in the
production of another male hormone called Di-Hydro-testoterone.
High levels of DHT in the prostate gland will enlarge the prostate.
A stressful lifestyle also does not help the prostate. This will
usually cause an increase in the level of circulating prolactin hormone.
The net result is elevated DHT and subsequent prostate enlargement.
Prostate cancer is highly related to genetic factors, if one of the
families has had prostate cancer, it is highly likely that other male
members of the family will get it.
Frequent exposure to pesticides used on food crops and those used in our homes can expose men to cancer.
We also eat crops which contain pesticide that contain the chemical
polychlorinated hydrocarbon, which accumulates in organs like the
adrenals, the liver and the prostate and then, become diseased.
Cancerous toxins also exist in some food products, such as fruits
and vegetables, large fish and stock fish from polluted fish farms.
Apart from narrowing the urethral passage and reducing sperm count,
frequent sexually transmitted diseases from sexually active men may
lead to prostate enlargement or cancer.
Eating a diet full of saturated fats and red meat is said to be bad
for the prostate as is smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol.
Tobacco contains cadmium, which is a heavy metal that increases the
activities of 5-alpha reductase enzyme. The enzyme converts
testosterone to the active form called DHT, which is responsible for the
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland.
Alcohol increases the level of the prolactin hormone. This will
increase the level of testosterone intake by the prostate gland, which
eventually leads to its enlargement.
How to prevent prostate problems
Early diagnosis by rectal examination at the doctor’s clinic can be
very helpful in detecting prostate enlargement. More recently, a very
sensitive test has been put in place for early detection of prostate
enlargement by checking the level of a substance called Prostate
Specific Antigen, which can give an indication of an overactive
prostate.
High PSA levels might give a clue to likely prostate problems. It
is recommended that one should have a medical examination annually to
rule out prostate enlargement.
Men are advised to take multivitamins that contain extra zinc along
with Vitamins C, D and E, which are rich in antioxidants. Zinc is good
for the prostrate because it is required in the normal functioning of
the gland. Prostate secretion contains a high quantity of zinc.
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